KING OF HAWAII

[ELSUPREMO]

The insignia of grade for HM The King of Hawaii consisted of a Royal Hawaiian Crown surmounting a spray of three leaves, and a very large eight-pointed star, representing the Hawaiian Islands between the epaulette button and the Royal Crown. This set of epaulettes is on display in the Royal Museum in Honolulu.

[ChrisWI]

Thanks El Supremo, I also happen to have a theory about the rank insignia used by the Kingdom of Hawaii's Royal Guard:

Kapena Moku/ Captain Commandant - ?
Moku/Captain - ?
Luna Koa/1st Lieutenant - ?
Lutanela/2nd Lieutenant - ?
He Kakiana/First Sergeant - 3 chevrons with a diamond above chevrons
Kaiana Pu/Ordnance Sergeant - 3 chevrons with a star above chevrons
Kakiana Ekahi/Sergeant - 3 chevrons
Kopala Hae/Color Corporal - 2 chevrons with a star above chevrons
Kapala Ekahi/Corporal - 2 chevrons
Koa/Private - no rank insignia

Officers wore rank insignia on the cuffs using a system of stripes of some sort while enlisted and NCOs wore rank insignia on the upper sleeves.

If you do a search on Google for Hawaiian Royal Guard you will find some pics of the Hawaii Army National Guard "Royal Guard Drill Team" which was created in 1962 and wears the same uniforms and uses the same rank structure as above.

Enlisted rank insignia is the same style as worn here except the chevrons are white chevrons on black background: http://usarmyinsigniahomepage.110mb.com/span-inf.html